Showing posts with label Misc.. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Misc.. Show all posts

Friday, July 20, 2007

Receive an MIT education for FREE!

For those of you who haven't heard about MIT's recent decision to host almost all of their class lessons online I am glad that you have stumbled upon this page. What MIT is doing is simply incredible. They now have over 1500 courses available online for free and they don't even require a registration. Most of the courses have notes, videos, quizzes and tests (plus answers), suggested or required readings, and assignments. MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) is meant to be used by those who are currently studying material or who wish to remain up to date in their respective fields. But most commonly it is used by self-learners. So whatever category you fit into I highly recommend that you bookmark this site immediately. This is MIT's gift to the world, let's take advantage of it!

Check it out right now! MIT OpenCourseWare

For more information check out their FAQ's.

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Thursday, July 5, 2007

Great Space Quotes

"The earth is the cradle of humankind, but one cannot live in the cradle forever."
This is the quote that I keep at the top of every page on my Space Monitor blog.
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's words provide perhaps the best, most succinct way of describing my purpose for writing this blog. There are many other great quotes out there, though many not quite as short as Tsiolkovsky's, and I would like to share with you all a list of some of my favorite. I encourage any readers out there to submit any of their favorite quotes or perhaps one of their own and I will gladly add them to this list. In the meantime I hope you enjoy the ones I have provided for you.

Here's my list:

"The earth is the cradle of humankind, but one cannot live in the cradle forever."
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

"Don't tell me that man doesn't belong out there. Man belongs wherever he wants to go - and he'll do plenty well when he gets there."
Dr. Wernher von Braun, in 'Time' magazine, 17 February 1958

"Earth is too small a basket for mankind to keep all its eggs in.
Robert A. Heinlein

"Since, in the long run, every planetary civilization will be endangered by impacts from space, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring--not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive... If our long-term survival is at stake, we have a basic responsibility to our species to venture to other worlds."
Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 1994

"I don't think the human race will survive the next thousand years, unless we spread into space. There are too many accidents that can befall life on a single planet. But I'm an optimist. We will reach out to the stars."
Stephen Hawking, interview with Daily Telegraph, 2001

"The dinosaurs became extinct because they didn't have a space program. And if we become extinct because we don't have a space program, it'll serve us right!"
Larry Nevin

"Remember this: once the human race is established on more than one planet and especially, in more than one solar system, there is no way now imaginable to kill off the human race."
Robert A. Heinlein

"People who view industrialization as a source of the Earth's troubles, its pollution, and the desecration of its surface, can only advocate that we give it up. This is something that we can't do; we have the tiger by the tail. We have 4.5 billion people on Earth. We can't support that many unless we're industrialized and technologically advanced. So, the idea is not to get rid of industrialization but to move it somewhere else. If we can move it a few thousand miles into space, we still have it, but not on Earth. Earth can then become a world of parks, farms, and wilderness without giving up the benefits of industrialization."
Isaac Asimov, speech at Rutgers University

"As I stand out here in the wonders of the unknown at Hadley, I sort of realize there's a fundamental truth to our nature, Man must explore . . . and this is exploration at its greatest."
Dave Scott, Commander Apollo 15, upon becoming the 7th man to walk on the Moon, 31 July 1971.

"It [the rocket] will free man from his remaining chains, the chains of gravity which still tie him to this planet. It will open to him the gates of heaven."
— Wernher von Braun

"God has no intention of setting a limit to the efforts of man to conquer space."
— Pope Pius XII

"When I orbited the Earth in a spaceship, I saw for the first time how beautiful our planet is. Mankind, let us preserve and increase this beauty, and not destroy it!"
— Yuri Gagarin

"Astronomy compels the soul to look upward, and leads us from this world to another."
— Plato, 'The Republic,' 342 B.C.

"... the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward, and so will space."
— President John F. Kennedy

"But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?"
— President John F. Kennedy

"It's human nature to stretch, to go, to see, to understand. Exploration is not a choice, really; it's an imperative."
— Michael Collins

"To go places and do things that have never been done before - that's what living is all about."
— Michael Collins

"To confine our attention to terrestrial matters would be to limit the human spirit."
— Stephen Hawking

"When you look at the stars and the galaxy, you feel you are not just from any particular piece of land, but from the solar system."
— Laurel Clark

"It's time for the human race to enter the solar system."
— Dan Quayle

"For me the singe overarching goal of human space flight is the human settlement of the solar system . . . no greater purpose is possible."
— Mike Griffin, NASA administrator, Congressional testimony 2004

"The regret on our side is, they used to say years ago, we are reading about you in science class. Now they say, we are reading about you in history class."
Neil Armstrong, July 1999

"Many say exploration is part of our destiny, but it's actually our duty to future generations and their quest to ensure the survival of the human species."
— Buzz Aldrin, on the 37th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 Landing, July 2006

Reader Submissions:

"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the the universe."
— Albert Einstein

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Sunday, May 13, 2007

Absolutely Awesome Images of Space

The technical and theoretical aspects of space and space travel are fascinating to me and most likely many others but, sometimes it's nice to just step back and take a look at why going to space would be awesome for the view alone. I have compiled several of my favorite images of space. Many were taken by Hubble but not all.


Known as the "Pale Blue Dot," this image was taken on February 14th, 1990 by Voyager 1. Four billion miles away from Earth, it is the longest distance away from Earth that a picture of Earth has been taken.

We succeeded in taking that picture [from deep space], and, if you look at it, you see a dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever lived, lived out their lives. The aggregate of all our joys and sufferings, thousands of confident religions, ideologies and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilizations, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every hopeful child, every mother and father, every inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every superstar, every supreme leader, every saint and sinner in the history of our species, lived there on a mote of dust, suspended in a sunbeam.
-Carl Sagan
The above quote by Carl Sagan is one of my favorite quotes of all time. It really puts things into perspective.

Another "Pale Blue Dot" taken by Cassini that is perhaps even more stunning (though not as far).
Explanation Courtesy NASA.gov:
In the shadow of Saturn, unexpected wonders appear. The robotic Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn recently drifted in giant planet's shadow for about 12 hours and looked back toward the eclipsed Sun. Cassini saw a view unlike any other. First, the night side of Saturn is seen to be partly lit by light reflected from its own majestic ring system. Next, the rings themselves appear dark when silhouetted against Saturn, but quite bright when viewed away from Saturn and slightly scattering sunlight, in the above exaggerated color image. Saturn's rings light up so much that new rings were discovered, although they are hard to see in the above image. Visible in spectacular detail, however, is Saturn's E ring, the ring created by the newly discovered ice-fountains of the moon Enceladus, and the outermost ring visible above. Far in the distance, visible on the image left just above the bright main rings, is the almost ignorable pale blue dot of Earth.

The Helix Nebula. I like this one because it reminds me of the Eye of Sauron from "The Lord of The Rings" trilogy.



From the Ashes of the First Stars. Above is one of the most beautiful pictures I have ever seen. It is an artist's impression of a primordial quasar surrounded by sheets of gas, dust, stars and early star clusters.

The Jupiter's 4th largest moon IO. The spectacular surface is dotted with volcanoes and as a result of the many volcanoes its appearance is created by the sulfur and silicates released. The bluish cloud seen coming from the surface is known as the Prometheus Plume and is the result of a volcano. It is speculated that the plume has been active for over 18 years (from 1997).



The Vela Supernova Remnant. It is referred to as a remnant because it is left over from a supernova that exploded 10-12 thousand years ago.

The Flame Nebula. The beautiful array of light is caused by excited gas particles (primarily Hydrogen).
The Eta Carinae Nebula (aka the Great Nebula in Carina or simply the Carina Nebula). Breathtaking is the only way to really describe this photo.

I hope you all enjoyed these as much as I did when I first stumbled upon them.

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Sunday, April 1, 2007

Recommended Space Blogs

I don't know how many of you have noticed it so far but I recently added a list of my recommended space blogs (in the upper right hand corner). I just added perhaps my most favorite one today (Cosmic Log) and I decided that now would be a good time to give a little explanation about each blog that has made the list so far.


Cosmic Log


Cosmic Log is maintained by Alan Boyle (BIO), a great science writer and winner of several prestigious journalism awards. The blog is apart of MSNBC's weblogs and is updated several times a week. He always seems to have something interesting to say and is very informative though not too complicated to understand. He will also take his time to read through user comments and respond to them. Occasionally, he will even mention or address questions/comments in his posts. Here is a quick description of what his blog covers (quoted from his site):

Alan Boyle covers the physical sciences, anthropology, technological innovation and space science and exploration for MSNBC.com.

Space Pragmatism

Veronica Pierce and Dan Schrimpsher keep a very busy blog on news from both the public and private space programs out there. They usually have several updates a day so if you're looking for an active blog I recommend this one.

Selenian Boondocks

Johnathan Goff, an Engineer at Masten Space, gives a little insight in the private space world. Though his blog is primarily concerned with "[his] thoughts about the development of space, particularly regarding our nearest neighbor, the Moon," he also posts on any other topics that interest him that aren't necessarily related to space. Mr. Goff also posts on the Masten Space Blog where more technical related information is posted. His blog is also updated several times a week.

Spaceports

Attorney Jack Kennedy keeps consistent updates on the entire space world in general. Mr. Kennedy became interested in law when he "realized that politics was driving the space science and policy agenda thus spawning my interest in politics, policy and law through the the balance of the 20th Century." Spaceports will sometimes provide a unique viewpoint because of this.

Space Liberates Us!


Started recently by Olin College student Matt Bowes, Space Liberates Us! provides readers with news and opinions from the private space industry. For more information on what the site is about check out the about section.

If anyone knows of what they think to be a good space related blog I'd love to check it out. Also, if any other site owners out there are wanting to exchange links contact me with a link to your site and I'll respond to you as soon as possible. My email is p4tsays@gmail.com.

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Thursday, March 29, 2007

Magnetic Launch System

With a recent $500,000 Phase II contract awarded from the U.S. Department of Defense Small Business Technology Transfer Program, LaunchPoint engineers are now hard at work on an innovative magnetic space launch system. Continue Reading...
Circular Magnetic Launch System Design. Courtesy LaunchPnt.com
Maglev technology, most known for propelling trains across Europe and Japan at great speeds, is being put to use for another purpose--launching satellites into orbit. Though this contract is only for launching satellites into orbit it is not too difficult to imagine the technology being used for eventually launching spaceships, cargo, and many other things into space. The idea of a magnetic launch system isn't that new but Launchpoint's design has brought a new twist into the concept--literally. There have been previous tests and studies done but most have been attempted with straight tracks. Launchpoint has gone for a circular track (as seen in picture). The circular design prevents the track from requiring quick bursts of acceleration to reach necessary speeds in time by elongating the track. The shape allows for a much longer acceleration period and thus a giant spike of energy is no longer needed to get a ship moving. More exciting though, is that the whole setup is not only technologically feasible but it is also cost effective.

So, what are the advantages? Well, the cost effectiveness is clearly one of the biggest ones. The price tag for sending things into orbit is currently about $4,000/lb. To put the cost effectiveness into perspective, a first generation design of this specific magnetic launch system would bring the cost down to roughly $750/lb! As advances are made and efficiency continues increasing this particular design could possibly drop the price down to an extremely affordable $100/lb or less! The possibilities really are quite amazing.
Unfortunately though, this particular design is not equipped for fragile instruments and definitely not humans. The design calls for a top speed of 10km/sec and when the satellite finally separates from the track and launches into the air it is hurtling at a startling 23 times the speed of sound! At Mach 23 the centripetal force on the satellite reaches a staggering 2000 times Earths pull of gravity. So, quite clearly, at 2000 G's this system is NOT viable for humans or
fragile equipment. Other equipment could easily be sent up though. Military grade electronics on laser-guided weapons can withstand 20,000 G's. Unfortunately or fortunately, depending on how you see it, the magnetic launch rail could also be used to launch artillery across the globe or even into space.

Computer Model of a Maglev Spaceship. Courtesy Liftoff.msfc.NASA.gov
A magnetic launch system could be modified for human use too. Slowing the velocity down to 1000 km/hr and using a straight track is enough to dramatically increase cost and fuel efficiency. After being launched into the air by the maglev system a ship would then act like any other conventional rocket and ignite its engines until it reaches orbit. This extra boost lowers liftoff weight of a typical rocket by %20. Price now starts to drop considerably, especially when factoring in the laughable $75 cost of electricity for each launch.

Though the maglev technology has been around for about 100 years the progress is still in its very elementary stages. There is quite a bit of room for improvement. Hopefully, this means there will be continued improvement on the technology because a magnetic launch system has lots of potential. Writing this article has actually given me a few ideas and I hope it has done the same for you (and please share those ideas!).

Here are a few ideas of mine that hopefully can get the ball rolling for the rest of you:
  • Using a natural valley to make a sort of 'U' shaped maglev track.
  • Having the magnets 'follow' the ship as it travels the track to increase energy efficiency.
  • Digging underground rather than building it up in the air.
  • Catapult it and use the maglev system at the same time (or a 'sling' motion).
  • Have the system go up a mountain or as high as practically possible to decrease air resistance.
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Monday, March 19, 2007

The Manifest Destiny: Mark II

So... I feel kind of bad leaving the site not updated for a few weeks so I decided to share an essay of mine that I wrote awhile back. Hopefully it provokes a little thought. Anyways, here it is:

The Manifest Destiny: Mark II

The original Manifest Destiny was used for the reasoning of expansion into new and unfound territories. One must surely be confused as to what a second version of the Manifest Destiny could mean. After all, what new and unfound territory is left in the world? If it cannot be the expansion of territory then perhaps it is spreading the idea of global unity? In fact, that is exactly what the Manifest Destiny: Mark II is! Well… that is exactly what half of it is. The other half actually is the expansion of territory. How can this be when it has already been established that there is an insignificant amount of undiscovered territory, if any, left in the world? The key phrase here is “in the world.” Mankind’s next logical step or, perhaps more appropriately, mankind’s next destined step is exploring and colonizing space.

Looking back on the history of human grouping one can clearly see how mankind has come together over time. Initially it was only the formation of “clans” in small area that joined together to ensure survival. As technology advanced and ideas spread these “clans” started converging into tribes or city-states. Tribes and city-states eventually organized themselves as civilized nations. That brings mankind to its current state where nations are becoming incredibly connected due to globalization. Borders are starting to blur as nations are forming strong unions. The UN and the European Union are just a couple of many examples hinting towards global unity.

There is one last hurdle to overcome before the next level can be achieved, albeit a massive hurdle. The next step before humans can finally be under one, unified group is to gain a new perspective. Our perspective is currently limited to the surface of the Earth and it is for this reason that people cannot have a vision of a unified Earth. Without the capacity to see global unity there is no hope for attaining global unity. That is why it is written in mankind’s Manifest Destiny to move on to the next frontier and break down these barriers.

The Earth is eventually going to run out of available resources and space will only increase in scarcity. It is not only to our advantage to colonize space; it is of absolute necessity! It is possible that a single virus could infect the entire human race and wipe us out if we remain contained on the Earth. Likewise, a cataclysmic event could drastically change the environment and leave our precious planet unlivable. These are only a sample of the short-term doomsday possibilities. Extend the time stuck on Earth and our doomsday starts to become inevitable. With all of these possible outcomes looming over our heads there leaves no better time to start planning than now. Our society has the resources, technology, and manpower to make space colonization a reality. The only thing lacking is the push for expansion and continuing our Manifest Destiny. Unfortunately, if we never receive that needed push we will never be able to realize the full potential of the human race. This is why we need everyone who cares to push for our “Manifest Destiny.”
What do you guys think? I hope you enjoyed it.

p.s. I have been making progress on some articles. Rest assured, I will have a nice buffer soon!

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Wednesday, February 21, 2007

The Top 10 Things to Experience in A Space Hotel

A lot of excitement and talk has been about since the advent of Robert Bigelow's plans for launching hotels into space--and for good reason. An opportunity to stay overnight in space orbiting around the Earth and experiencing micro-gravity is definitely reason enough to be excited. What a lot of people don't know though is what you can do with this kind of setup. That is why I have decided to write this fun list:

The Top 10 Things to Experience in A Space Hotel

View from the Hubble Telescope. SpaceTelescope.org
# 10. Viewing the Northern & Southern Skies with hotel observatories.

With no light pollution and no atmosphere to interfere the view would be amazing. Stars would lose their distinctive "twinkle" without the atmosphere but different colors would become apparent. Those amazing images provided by Hubble could now be accessed by guests at any time.

# 9. Views of the Moon.

Simply put, a new perspective of that object in the sky that has been a fixture for eons. Again, without an atmosphere the view would be much clearer and telescopes would allow for very close views. Maps of the Moon could also be made available and you could point out different craters and and cracks.

# 8. Star... err... Earth Gazing.
Spectacular view of the Aurora Australis. Courtesy NASA.gov
Sitting in a space hotel that is at an altitude of approximately two to three hundred miles the Earth would almost entirely fill your view. Many of the fortunate few that have viewed the Earth from orbit have said it is impossible to be unaffected by the site. Other than being able to spot landmarks and geographical features there are many amazing things to see--even on the dark side of the Earth. Lightning flashes roughly 100 times a second and the aurorae (another awesome image taken from the ISS) near the magnetic poles dance brightly across as colorful rippling cones of light. Other amazing views include watching dusk and dawn outline the edges of the Earth with multicolored bands of light and the formation of different weather patterns.

# 7. Checking In.


Check in is a whole new experience in itself. You start by unbuckling yourself from your seat and gathering your luggage. After picking up your belongings you simply Velcro them to your body and float through the corridor! Guided by a railing you make your way towards the main entrance, gradually increasing in gravity until you can walk normally. The artificial gravity is produced by the slow rotations of the hotel container.

# 6. Checking Out.
Sunrise in orbit. Courtesy ESA.int
Checkout is more than the sad departure from this dream holiday; it has its own amazing experience attached too. After boarding the departing spacecraft you feel the sudden jerk of the ship separating from the docking bay and then the momentary surge of the thrusters as it moves away from the s
hip and towards the Earth for reentry. As you come back hurtling towards Earth at faster and faster speeds you start to see the air glow as it flies past the windows. Then the sky starts to change from a black into a dark blue until you hit the upper atmosphere. The sky is now a magnificent blue color. The sound of rushing air penetrates the cabin as clouds come closer and closer. The excitement soon comes to a close and you make a routine landing at the spaceport just like a plane does at the airport.

# 5. Weight Watching.

A space station presents an unique opportunity for experiencing different strengths of gravity. With multiple containers on the space hotel variable spinning speeds can be done. Set your containers speed to virtually zero and you can experience the weightlessness that astronauts of today encounter or if you're wanting to feel more at home you can set the revolutions per minute (rpm's) of your cabin to the equivalent of one G. Experimenting in between could also be quite fun. Simply adjust the rpm's so that you experience a weight of 100 lbs or even 20 lbs. Or, if you're wanting to build a little more muscle, you could even increase the relative gravity.
(see the physics behind this concept)

# 4. The Trampoline Room.


Not much to describe here, the title pretty much sa
ys it all. Micro-gravity + trampolines on the floor and ceiling = endless possibilities.

# 3. Space-Sports.
A Zero-G Arena. Courtesy Space.com
Variable artificial gravity opens up a whole new dimension for sports--literally. Games can now be played in 3-dimensions. A large, open container could be the new playing field for 3D tag or 3D dodge ball. Just imagining the more Earthly games such as soccer, basketball, and football in micro-gravity can make your mind swirl with excitement. Now, take wrestling and picture it in micro-gravity. Then, picture it in G-forces stronger than what we experience now. Are you starting to get the picture of all the possibilities? These are just different versions of already made games. New games are sure to be created. Anyone's guess is as good as mine when it comes to speculating the future of space sports but, just to get the ball rolling, I'll throw out a few ideas...
Once hotels are established in space bigger, newer inflatable stadiums could be launched into orbit or even constructed in space. Try to picture giant, inflated spheres with seating all around and the playing field, for whatever game/sport, right in the middle. Tweaking the relative G-force of the playing field could let humans fly like birds on Earth too. Strap on carbon-fiber (or some other lightweight material) wings and little stabilizers on the end of your feet, begin flapping, and away you can fly! After some practice you could eventually master diving and completing barrel rolls.
New (or old) contact sports could become a lot fiercer and at the same time a lot safer. With
lowered gravity falling becomes less of a hazard. Couple that with padded walls all the way around and the risk for injury is almost gone! You could try all the stunts that you could ever imagine and remain almost worry free!

Here's a cool article from Space.com that gives an early look at space sports going on now in a modified Boeing 727-200 aircraft that takes you for a free fall. They also speculate on the future of space sports.


# 2. Sleeping Arrangements.


The room! The setup would be similar to any Earthly hotel but the experience would be far from it. First, you have your window. Take a look outside at the Earth and the rest of space or get a fantastic view of the rest of the space hotel. With the room spinning to maintain artificial gravity your view will also be constantly changing.
Asleep in Space. Source: NASA.gov
The artificial gravity presents an unique aspect in itself too. Low-gravity could allow for perhaps the most comfortable sleeping conditions conceivable. When resting on the mattress in only a fraction of normal gravity your body is less compressed. That means your spine will straighten out and your body can completely relax. Blood circulation would also be at a maximum so you wouldn't have to worry about arms or legs falling asleep. Don't worry about falling off either; Velcro sheets could fasten you in. Evidence has supported this claim of better sleep in space too. Space.com wrote:
During a study of two 1998 space flights, five astronauts stopped snoring almost completely. The astronauts also experienced a significant decrease in sleep-disturbing periods of breathing cessation, called sleep apnea, as well as periods of slow and shallow breathing called hypopnea. more...


Oh, and with news of the plan for the first first ever honeymoon in space, I'm sure couples could**ahem** try various 'rendezvousing and docking' methods in partial or zero gravity.

and......


# 1. Low-G Swimming
Artist's rendition of a spinning, low-g swimming pool. Courtesy SpaceFuture.com
Artificial gravity has yet another fantastic exploit--a swimming pool! Water's properties combined with variable gravity make for an amazing combination. If the giant container is spinning the water will adhere to the inner walls. Imagine jumping out of the water, completing some acrobatics, and then flying back into the water on the ceiling above you! Large enough containers can allow for very high diving boards too. The typical 'daredevil' could make Olympic divers look like amateurs. Splashing games amongst friends will also suddenly have a whole new meaning with the addition of low G-forces. Swimmers can pick up large armfuls of water and hurl them in a wobbly mess across the pool--tidal-waving their friends rather than merely "splashing" them.

Take the water to a zero-G room and a slew of new forms of entertainment arise. You could literally grab blobs of water and throw them like snowballs across the room and watch them explode into pieces as they hit the wall. Jumping inside larger blobs of water is now possible too. Swim around like a goldfish in a fishbowl or simply blow bubbles on the inside of your blob. Next you exit the blob and mold it into various shapes. Pull the water out in strings or transform your blob into a donut by blowing a large bubble in the center and bursting it. Or you could try spinning it and watch it take all sorts of shapes.

...

Hopefully this list has piqued your imagination or at least given you some new information on the capabilities of space. If anyone has any other ideas for possible experiences in a space hotel let me know by adding a comment and I will add a "Bonus Section" for submitted ideas! I will also be sure to list your name (and website if applicable) next to the idea! I'm looking forward to your ideas so please add them!

Lastly I want to thank (and recommend) the book Your Spaceflight Manual for providing me inspiration for this piece and for providing me great information.

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